| 梭菌属 | |
|---|---|
| |
| 艰难梭菌 | |
生物分类法 
| |
| 域： | 细菌域 Bacteria |
| 界： | 细菌界 Bacteria |
| 门： | 厚壁菌门 Firmicutes |
| 纲： | 梭菌纲 Clostridia |
| 目： | 梭菌目 Clostridiales |
| 科： | 梭菌科 Clostridiaceae |
| 属： | 梭菌属 Clostridium Prazmowski, 1880 |
| 模式种 | |
| Clostridium butyricum Prazmowski 1880 | |
| 种 | |
|
C. acetobutylicum | |
梭菌属（Clostridium），菌体呈梭状，又称梭状芽孢杆菌属或厌氧芽孢杆菌属，芽孢常比菌体大，是一类能产生内生孢子的厌氧性革兰氏阳性菌。
梭菌属广泛分布于自然界，以土壤中最多，芽孢圆形或椭圆形。除了产气荚膜梭菌无鞭毛外，大多有鞭毛。大部分的梭菌属可以水解糖、蛋白质，又可产生外毒素，成为一些疾病的原因。
该属的模式种为丁酸梭菌（Clostridium butyricum）。
下属物种
- Clostridium absonum Nakamura et al. 1973
- Clostridium aceticum (ex Wieringa 1940) Gottschalk and Braun 1981
- Clostridium acetireducens Örlygsson et al. 1996
- Clostridium acetobutylicum McCoy et al. 1926
- Clostridium acidisoli Kuhner et al. 2000
- Clostridium aciditolerans Lee et al. 2007
- Clostridium acidiurici (Liebert 1909) Barker 1938
- Clostridium acidurici corrig. (Liebert 1909) Barker 1938
- Clostridium aerotolerans van Gylswyk and van der Toorn 1987
- Clostridium aestuarii Kim et al. 2007
- Clostridium akagii Kuhner et al. 2000
- Clostridium aldenense Warren et al. 2007
- Clostridium aldrichii Yang et al. 1990
- Clostridium algidicarnis Lawson et al. 1995
- Clostridium algidixylanolyticum Broda et al. 2000
- Clostridium algifaecis Wu et al. 2014
- Clostridium algoriphilum Shcherbakova et al. 2010
- Clostridium alkalicellulosi corrig. Zhilina et al. 2006
- Clostridium alkalicellum Zhilina et al. 2006
- Clostridium amazonense O'Neal et al. 2015
- Clostridium aminophilum Paster et al. 1993
- Clostridium aminovalericum Hardman and Stadtman 1960
- Clostridium amygdalinum Parshina et al. 2003
- Clostridium amylolyticum Song and Dong 2008
- Clostridium arbusti Jung et al. 2010
- Clostridium arcticum corrig. (ex Jordan and McNicol 1979) Cato et al. 1988
- Clostridium argentinense Suen et al. 1988
- Clostridium articum (ex Jordan and McNicol 1979) Cato et al. 1988
- Clostridium asparagiforme Mohan et al. 2007
- Clostridium aurantibutyricum Hellinger 1944
- Clostridium barati (Prévot 1938) Holdeman and Moore 1970
- Clostridium baratii corrig. (Prévot 1938) Holdeman and Moore 1970
- Clostridium barkeri Stadtman et al. 1972
- Clostridium bartlettii Song et al. 2004
- Clostridium beihaiense Dong et al. 2018
- Clostridium beijerinckii Donker 1926
- Clostridium bifermentans (Weinberg and Séguin 1918) Bergey et al. 1923
- Clostridium bolteae Song et al. 2003
- Clostridium bornimense Hahnke et al. 2014
- 肉毒杆菌Clostridium botulinum (van Ermengem 1896) Bergey et al. 1923
- Clostridium bovifaecis Zhu et al. 2018
- Clostridium bowmanii Spring et al. 2003
- Clostridium bryantii Stieb and Schink 1985
- Clostridium budayi (Le Blaye and Guggenheim 1914) Bernard et al. 2018
- 丁酸梭菌 Clostridium butyricum Prazmowski 1880
- Clostridium cadaveris (Klein 1899) McClung and McCoy 1957
- Clostridium caenicola Shiratori et al. 2009
- "Clostridium cagae" Tall et al. 2020
- Clostridium caminithermale Brisbarre et al. 2003
- Clostridium carboxidivorans Liou et al. 2005
- Clostridium carnis (Klein 1904) Spray 1939
- Clostridium cavendishii Bowman et al. 2010
- Clostridium celatum Hauschild and Holdeman 1974
- Clostridium celerecrescens Palop et al. 1989
- Clostridium cellobioparum Hungate 1944
- "Clostridium cellulofermentans" He et al. 1991
- Clostridium cellulolyticum Petitdemange et al. 1984
- Clostridium cellulosi He et al. 1991
- Clostridium cellulovorans Sleat et al. 1985
- Clostridium chartatabidum Kelly et al. 1996
- Clostridium chauvoei (Arloing et al. 1887) Scott 1928
- Clostridium chromiireducens Inglett et al. 2011
- Clostridium citroniae Warren et al. 2007
- Clostridium clariflavum Shiratori et al. 2009
- Clostridium clostridiiforme (Burri and Ankersmit 1906) Kaneuchi et al. 1976
- Clostridium clostridioforme corrig. (Burri and Ankersmit 1906) Kaneuchi et al. 1976
- Clostridium coccoides Kaneuchi et al. 1976
- Clostridium cochlearium (Douglas et al. 1919) Bergey et al. 1923
- Clostridium cocleatum Kaneuchi et al. 1979
- Clostridium colicanis Greetham et al. 2003
- Clostridium colinum (ex Berkhoff et al. 1974) Berkhoff 1985
- Clostridium collagenovorans Jain and Zeikus 1988
- Clostridium combesii (Prévot and Laplanche 1947) Bernard et al. 2018
- Clostridium composti Shin et al. 2018
- "Clostridium culturomicum" Pham et al. 2017
- "Clostridium cuniculi" Djukovic et al. 2018
- Clostridium cylindrosporum (ex Barker and Beck 1942) Andreesen et al. 1985
- "Clostridium dakarense" Lo et al. 2013
- 艰难梭菌 Clostridium difficile (Hall and O'Toole 1935) Prévot 1938
- Clostridium diolis Biebl and Spröer 2003
- Clostridium disporicum Horn 1987
- Clostridium drakei Liou et al. 2005
- Clostridium durum Smith and Cato 1974
- Clostridium estertheticum Collins et al. 1993
- Clostridium fallax (Weinberg and Séguin 1915) Bergey et al. 1923
- Clostridium felsineum (Carbone and Tombolato 1917) Bergey et al. 1939
- Clostridium fermenticellae Xu et al. 2019
- Clostridium fervidum corrig. Patel et al. 1987
- Clostridium fervidus Patel et al. 1987
- Clostridium fessum Seo et al. 2020
- Clostridium fimetarium Kotsyurbenko et al. 1997
- Clostridium formicaceticum corrig. Andreesen et al. 1970
- Clostridium formicoaceticum Andreesen et al. 1970
- Clostridium frigidicarnis Broda et al. 1999
- Clostridium frigoris Spring et al. 2003
- Clostridium ganghwense Kim et al. 2006
- Clostridium gasigenes Broda et al. 2000
- "Clostridium geopurificans" Kwon et al. 2014
- Clostridium ghoni Prévot 1938
- Clostridium ghonii corrig. Prévot 1938
- Clostridium glycolicum Gaston and Stadtman 1963
- Clostridium glycyrrhizinilyticum Sakuma et al. 2006
- Clostridium grantii Mountfort et al. 1996
- Clostridium guangxiense Zhao et al. 2017
- Clostridium haemolyticum (Hall 1929) Scott et al. 1935
- Clostridium halophilium Fendrich et al. 1991
- Clostridium halophilum corrig. Fendrich et al. 1991
- Clostridium hastiforme MacLennan 1939
- Clostridium hathewayi Steer et al. 2002
- Clostridium herbivorans Varel et al. 1995
- Clostridium hiranonis Kitahara et al. 2001
- Clostridium histolyticum (Weinberg and Séguin 1916) Bergey et al. 1923
- "Clostridium hobsonii" Sharma and Hagen 1995
- Clostridium homopropionicum Dörner and Schink 1991
- Clostridium huakuii Ruan et al. 2014
- Clostridium hungatei Monserrate et al. 2001
- Clostridium hydrogeniformans Bowman et al. 2010
- Clostridium hydroxybenzoicum Zhang et al. 1994
- Clostridium hylemonae Kitahara et al. 2000
- "Clostridium ihumii" Merhej et al. 2015
- Clostridium indicum Gundawar et al. 2019
- Clostridium indolis McClung and McCoy 1957
- Clostridium innocuum Smith and King 1962
- Clostridium intestinale corrig. Lee et al. 1989
- Clostridium intestinalis Lee et al. 1989
- Clostridium irregulare corrig. (Choukévitch 1911) Prévot 1938
- Clostridium irregularis (Choukévitch 1911) Prévot 1938
- Clostridium isatidis Padden et al. 1999
- Clostridium jeddahense Lagier et al. 2016
- Clostridium jejuense Jeong et al. 2004
- Clostridium josui Sukhumavasi et al. 1988
- Clostridium kluyveri Barker and Taha 1942
- "Clostridium kogasensis" Shin et al. 2016
- Clostridium lactatifermentans van der Wielen et al. 2002
- Clostridium lacusfryxellense Spring et al. 2003
- Clostridium laramie Kalchayanand et al. 1993
- Clostridium laramiense corrig. Kalchayanand et al. 1993
- Clostridium lavalense Domingo et al. 2009
- Clostridium lentocellum Murray et al. 1987
- Clostridium lentoputrescens Hartsell and Rettger 1934
- Clostridium leptum Moore et al. 1976
- "Clostridium licheniforme" Weigmann 1898
- Clostridium limosum André 1948
- Clostridium liquoris Yin et al. 2016
- Clostridium litorale Fendrich et al. 1991
- Clostridium lituseburense (Laplanche and Saissac 1948) McClung and McCoy 1957
- Clostridium ljungdahlii Tanner et al. 1993
- Clostridium lortetii Oren 1984
- Clostridium lundense Cirne et al. 2006
- Clostridium luticellarii Wang et al. 2015
- Clostridium magnum Schink 1984
- Clostridium malenominatum (Weinberg et al. 1937) Spray 1948
- Clostridium mangenotii (Prévot and Zimmès-Chaverou 1947) McClung and McCoy 1957
- "Clostridium massiliamazoniense" Dione et al. 2020
- Clostridium maximum (Lindner 1888) Lawson and Rainey 2016
- Clostridium mayombei Kane et al. 1992
- "Clostridium mediterraneense" Ndongo et al. 2017
- "Clostridium merdae" Ndongo et al. 2017
- Clostridium methoxybenzovorans Mechichi et al. 1999
- Clostridium methylpentosum Himelbloom and Canale-Parola 1989
- "Clostridium minihomine" Bilen et al. 2018
- Clostridium moniliforme (Repaci 1910) Lawson and Rainey 2016
- Clostridium neonatale Bernard et al. 2018
- Clostridium neopropionicum Tholozan et al. 1995
- Clostridium neuense Zhao et al. 2017
- Clostridium nexile Holdeman and Moore 1974
- "Clostridium niameyense" Chabou et al. 2018
- "Clostridium nigrificans" Werkman and Weaver 1927
- Clostridium nitritogenes (Prévot 1940) Bernard et al. 2018
- Clostridium nitrophenolicum Suresh et al. 2007
- Clostridium novyi (Migula 1900) Bergey et al. 1923
- Clostridium oceanicum Smith 1970
- Clostridium orbiscindens Winter et al. 1991
- Clostridium oroticum (Wachsman and Barker 1954) Cato et al. 1968
- Clostridium oryzae Horino et al. 2015
- Clostridium oxalicum Dehning and Schink 1990
- Clostridium pabulibutyricum Kobayashi et al. 2017
- "Clostridium pacaense" Hosny et al. 2019
- Clostridium papyrosolvens Madden et al. 1982
- Clostridium paradoxum Li et al. 1993
- Clostridium paraperfringens Nakamura et al. 1970
- Clostridium paraputrificum (Bienstock 1906) Snyder 1936
- Clostridium pascui Wilde et al. 1997
- Clostridium pasteurianum Winogradsky 1895
- Clostridium peptidivorans Mechichi et al. 2000
- Clostridium perenne (Prévot 1940) McClung and McCoy 1957
- 产气荚膜梭菌 Clostridium perfringens (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Hauduroy et al. 1937
- Clostridium pfennigii Krumholz and Bryant 1985
- "Clostridium phoceensis" Hosny et al. 2016
- Clostridium phytofermentans Warnick et al. 2002
- Clostridium piliforme (ex Tyzzer 1917) Duncan et al. 1993
- Clostridium polyendosporum (Duda et al. 1996) Rainey et al. 2016
- "Clostridium polymyxa" Prazmowski 1880
- "Clostridium polynesiense" Sankar et al. 2015
- Clostridium polysaccharolyticum (van Gylswyk 1981) van Gylswyk et al. 1983
- Clostridium populeti Sleat and Mah 1985
- Clostridium prolinivorans Huang et al. 2020
- Clostridium propionicum Cardon and Barker 1946
- Clostridium proteoclasticum Attwood et al. 1996
- Clostridium proteolyticum Jain and Zeikus 1988
- Clostridium psychrophilum Spring et al. 2003
- Clostridium punense Lanjekar et al. 2015
- Clostridium puniceum Lund et al. 1981
- Clostridium purinilyticum corrig. Dürre et al. 1981
- Clostridium purinolyticum Dürre et al. 1981
- Clostridium putrefaciens (McBryde 1911) Sturges and Drake 1927
- Clostridium putrificum (Trevisan 1889) Reddish and Rettger 1922
- Clostridium quercicolum Stankewich et al. 1971
- Clostridium quinii Svensson et al. 1995
- Clostridium ramosum (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Holdeman et al. 1971
- "Clostridium rectalis" Tall et al. 2020
- Clostridium rectum (Heller 1922) Holdeman and Moore 1972
- Clostridium roseum (ex McCoy and McClung 1935) Cato et al. 1988
- Clostridium saccharobutylicum Keis et al. 2001
- Clostridium saccharogumia Clavel et al. 2007
- Clostridium saccharolyticum Murray et al. 1982
- Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum Keis et al. 2001
- Clostridium sardiniense corrig. Prévot 1938
- Clostridium sardiniensis Prévot 1938
- Clostridium sartagoforme corrig. Partansky and Henry 1935
- Clostridium sartagoformum Partansky and Henry 1935
- Clostridium saudiense corrig. Angelakis et al. 2016
- Clostridium saudii Angelakis et al. 2016
- Clostridium scatologenes (Weinberg and Ginsbourg 1927) Prévot 1948
- Clostridium schirmacherense Alam et al. 2006
- Clostridium scindens Morris et al. 1985
- Clostridium senegalense Mishra et al. 2015
- Clostridium septicum (Macé 1889) Ford 1927
- Clostridium sordellii (Hall and Scott 1927) Prévot 1938
- Clostridium sphenoides (Douglas et al. 1919) Bergey et al. 1923
- Clostridium spiroforme Kaneuchi et al. 1979
- Clostridium sporogenes (Metchnikoff 1908) Bergey et al. 1923
- Clostridium sporosphaeroides Soriano and Soriano 1948
- Clostridium stercorarium Madden 1983
- Clostridium sticklandii Stadtman and McClung 1957
- Clostridium straminisolvens Kato et al. 2004
- Clostridium subterminale (Hall and Whitehead 1927) Spray 1948
- Clostridium sufflavum Nishiyama et al. 2009
- Clostridium sulfidigenes Sallam and Steinbüchel 2009
- Clostridium swellfunianum Liu et al. 2015
- Clostridium symbiosum (Stevens 1956) Kaneuchi et al. 1976
- Clostridium tagluense Suetin et al. 2009
- Clostridium tarantellae (Udey et al. 1977) Lawson and Rainey 2016
- Clostridium tepidiprofundi Slobodkina et al. 2008
- Clostridium tepidum Dobritsa et al. 2017
- Clostridium termitidis Hethener et al. 1992
- Clostridium tertium (Henry 1917) Bergey et al. 1923
- 破伤风梭菌 Clostridium tetani (Flügge 1886) Bergey et al. 1923
- Clostridium tetanomorphum (ex Bulloch et al. 1919) Wilde et al. 1989
- Clostridium thermaceticum corrig. Fontaine et al. 1942
- Clostridium thermarum Liu et al. 2021
- Clostridium thermautotrophicum corrig. Wiegel et al. 1982
- Clostridium thermoaceticum Fontaine et al. 1942
- Clostridium thermoalcaliphilum Li et al. 1994
- Clostridium thermoautotrophicum Wiegel et al. 1982
- Clostridium thermobutyricum Wiegel et al. 1989
- Clostridium thermocellum Viljoen et al. 1926
- Clostridium thermocopriae Jin et al. 1988
- Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum Klaushofer and Parkkinen 1965
- Clostridium thermolacticum Le Ruyet et al. 1988
- Clostridium thermopalmarium Soh et al. 1991
- Clostridium thermopapyrolyticum Méndez et al. 1991
- Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum McClung 1935
- Clostridium thermosuccinogenes Drent et al. 1995
- Clostridium thermosulfurigenes corrig. Schink and Zeikus 1983
- Clostridium thermosulfurogenes Schink and Zeikus 1983
- Clostridium thiosulfatireducens Hernández-Eugenio et al. 2002
- "Clostridium transplantifaecale" Yimagou et al. 2019
- Clostridium tyrobutyricum van Beynum and Pette 1935
- Clostridium uliginosum Matthies et al. 2001
- Clostridium ultunense Schnürer et al. 1996
- Clostridium ventriculi (Goodsir 1842) Lawson and Rainey 2016
- Clostridium villosum Love et al. 1979
- Clostridium vincentii Mountfort et al. 1997
- Clostridium viride Buckel et al. 1995
- Clostridium vulturis Paek et al. 2015
- Clostridium xylanolyticum Rogers and Baecker 1991
- Clostridium xylanovorans Mechichi et al. 2000